Research Papers
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, M. Doble. A target based therapeutic approach towards diabetes mellitus using medicinal plants (Invited Review). Current Diabetes Review. 2008, 4 (4), 291-308. (Cites per Doc : 3.26)
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, M. Doble. Synergistic effect of phytochemicals in combination with hypoglycemic drugs on glucose uptake in myotubes. Phytomedicine. 2009, 16(12), 1119-1126. (Impact Factor: 7.9)
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, M. Doble. Interaction of phytochemicals with hypoglycemic drugs on glucose uptake in L6 myotubes. Phytomedicine. 2011, 18(4), 285-291. (Impact Factor: 7.9)
- P. M. Sivakumar, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, M. Doble. Synthesis, antioxidant evaluation and quantitative structure-activity relationship studies of chalcones. Medicinal Chemistry Research. 2011, 20(4), 482-492. (Impact Factor: 2.351)
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, S. Vijayaraghavan, J. Philip, M. Doble, M., Biocompatibility studies of functionalized CoFe2O4 magnetic Nanoparticles. Current Nanoscience. 2011, 7(3), 371-376. (Impact Factor: 1.52)
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, S. Raj, S. N. Sawant, M. Doble. Biocompatibilities Studies on polyaniline and polyaniline-silver nanoparticles coated polyurethane composites. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2011, 86 (1), 146-153. (Impact Factor: 5.99)
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, M. Doble. Mechanism of action of natural products used in the treatment of diabetes (Invited Review). Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2011, 17(8), 563-574. (Impact Factor: 2.63)
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, M. Doble. Synergistic interaction of berberine and arecoline with commercial oral antidiabetic drugs in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2011, 2(3), 103-114. (Impact Factor: 4.435)
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, M. Doble. Interaction of cinnamic acid derivatives with commercial hypoglycemic drugs on 2-deoxyglucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2011, 59 (18), 9835-9844. (Impact Factor: 5.895)
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, R. Prasad, S. Ali, M. Doble. Effect of ferulic acid in combination with commercial antidiabetic drugs in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine. 2013, 20(6), 488-494. (Impact Factor: 7.9)
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, A. Kumar, M. Doble. Combination therapy: A new strategy to manage diabetes and its complications. Phytomedicine. 2013, 21(2), 123-130. (Impact Factor: 7.9)
- R. D. Akhatala, J. A. Chelvane, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, P. P. P. Vedanthi, M. Doble, B. Murthy. S., Generation of drugs coated iron nanoparticles through high energy ball milling. Journal of Applied Physics. 2014, 115 (12), 124906-1-4. (Impact Factor: 2.877)
- S. U. Maaji, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Hypovitaminosis D in Type-2 Diabetes mellitus patients; variation with age, sex and season. Indian Journal of Applied Research. 2014, 4 (6), 422-425.
- P. S. Chakarborty, H. Sapkota, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Synergistic Interaction of Cannabis and Garlic with Commercial Antibiotics. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 2015, 7(1), 193-196.
- P. Popli, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Significance of Tacrolimus Monitoring to Optimize Immunosuppressive Therapy. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences. 2015, 6(2), 191-198.
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Pathophysiology of secondary complications of diabetes mellitus. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2016, 9 (1), 32-36.
- Kirti, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Human papilloma virus-associated cervical cancer: A review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2016, 9 (3), 14-17.
- H. Kaur, M. H. Amini, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, A. Singh, A. Suttee. Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Caesalpinia sappan L. Leaves. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research, 2016, 8(6), 1064-1069.
- G. Kaur, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, U.R. Lal, A. Suttee. Phytochemical and Biological Analysis of Tinospora cordifolia. International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research.2016, 8(4), 297-305.
- A. Jmatia, D. Roy, R. Shil, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns isolates in pus samples at Agartala Government Medical College. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2017, 10 (1), 1-3.
- N. Neupane, M. Kaur, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Treatment of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with herbal medication. International Journal of Green Pharmacy. 2017, 11(3), S343-S347.
- R. P. Jayaswal, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Probiotics- A new diabetes management tool. International Journal of Green Pharmacy. 2017, 11(3), S395-S400.
- R. Nankar, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, M. Doble. Hybrid drug combination: Combination of ferulic acid and metformin as anti-diabetic therapy. Phytomedicine. 2017, 37, 10-13. (Impact Factor: 6.66)
- R. P. Jayaswal, M. Vijaysimha, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Gut microbiota and diabetes mellitus- An interlinkage. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2018, 11 (1), 13-16.
- A. Sharma, S. Devi, K. Singh, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Correlation of body mass index with thyroid-stimulating hormones in thyroid patient. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2018, 11 (sp2), 65-68.
- N. Neupane, B. Kumari, J. Lakhanpal, A. Bhutani, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. A Study of Procalcitonin as Biomarker in Sepsis Patients Admitted in Super Speciality Hospital. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2018, 12(4)(Suppl), S1408-S1412.
- Thomson Soni, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar (Shared first authorship), Sajid Hussain. Increasing Antibiotic Resistance in the Uropathogens. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2019, 13(1), 1-4.
- Anmol Sharma, Pawan Gupta, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Endogenous Repair System of Oxidative Damage of DNA. Current Chemical Biology, 2019, 13(2), 1-5.
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Sivakumar, P.M. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B inhibitors: a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2019, 25(23), 2526-2539. (Impact Factor: 3.116)
- S. Sharma, J. Gupta, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, P.Solanki, A.Rajput, P.Gupta. Phytochemical repurposing for identification of novel therapeutic benefits of Sabinene using in-silico and in-vitro approaches. Assay in Drug Development Technologies, 2019, 17(8), 339-351. (Impact Factor: 1.738)
- Kamaldeep Singh, Savita Devi, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Relationship of TSH with BMI in subclinical hypothyroid patients. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem., 2019, 9(4), 4193-4198.
- Dinobandhu Nandi, Anshula Sharma, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Nanoparticle-assisted therapeutic strategies for effective cancer management. Current Nanoscience, 2020, 16(1), 42-50. (Impact Factor: 1.82)
- M.Banerjee, R.Khursheed, A.K.Yadav, S.K.Singh, M.Gulati, D.K.Pandey, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, R.Kumar, O.Porwal, A.Awasthi, Y.Kumari, G.Kaur, C.Ayinkamiye, R.Prashar, D.Mankotia. A Systematic Review on Synthetic Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals Used to Manage Diabetes. Current Diabetes Reviews, 2020, 16, 340-356.
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Deepak Nath, Saurabh Singh, A. Mittal, D. S. Bhaghel. Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal anti-acne combination by using in-vitro model. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem., 2020, 10(1), 4747 – 4751.
- S.Singh, S.K.Singh, B.Kumar, B.Kaur, A.Attri, R.Khursheed, P.Bawa, A.H.Malik, M.Gulati, N.K.Pandey, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, D.S.Baghel, O.Porwal, A.K.Yadav. Effect of co-administration of herbal extracts with copper nanoparticles: A novel two-pronged approach in treating type 2 diabetes. Recent Innovation in Chemical Engineering, 2020, 13 (5), 366-378.
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Siderophore and its application as antimicrobial agents. Current Molecular Pharmacology, 2020, 13(4), 295-305. (Impact Factor: 3.855).
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Jeena Gupta. Natural SIRT1 modifiers as promising therapeutic agents for improving diabetic wound healing. Phytomedicine, 76, Article No. 153252 (Impact Factor: 6.66).
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Lakhanpal, J. Recent advances in the nucleic acid-based diagnostic tool for coronavirus. Molecular Biology Reports, 2020, 47, 9033–9041. (Impact Factor: 2.742).
- Abdur Rahim Abidi, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Association between diabetes and thyroid disorders. Plant Archive. 2020; 20(2); 3175-3182.
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Bioreactor strategies to increase the engineered protein production in Lactococcus lactis. Plant Archive. 2020; 20(2); 3183-3191.
- J. Lakhanpal, N. Banu, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Pathophysiology and diagnostic approach of covid-19 – an overview. Plant Archive. 2020; 20(2); 3844-3849.
- D. S. Gaikwad, N. R. Sharma, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, J. Singh J. Application of ginger and cinnamon in poultry nutrition on growth performance: A review. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology. 2020; 21(71-72); 172 – 180.
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar (Editorial). Pathophysiology of diabetic secondary complication and their management. Current Diabetes Reviews, 2021; 17(4); 395 – 396.
- V. Manimaran, P. M. Sivakumar, J. Narayanan, S. Parthasarathi, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Nanoemulsions- A better Approach for Anti Diabetic Drugs Delivering. Current Diabetes Review. 2021; 17(4); 486–495.
- C.P. Bineesh, S. Maity, D. S. Gaikwad, N. Anush, N. Kaur, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Interaction of red onion and amla with vancomycin against Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology. 2021; 22(5-6); 100 – 107.
- Aishwarya, V. Chopra, A. Singh, M. Vyas, N. Khurana, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, M. Gupta, P. Yadav, P. K. Prajapati. Comprehensive review on anticarcinogenic effect of abrin. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology. 2021; 22(19-20); 79-88.
- S. Sharma, D. S. Baghel, A. Mittal, S. Singh, B. Kumar, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, A. K. Chaudhary. Polyherbal formulation development and assessment of its potential against urolithiasis (Mutrakricchra) by in-vitro technique. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2021; 14(4); 1982 – 1988.
- N. Choudhary, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, G. L. Khatik, S. R. Chamakuri, D. Tewari, A. Suttee. Evaluation of acute toxicity, in-vitro, in-vivo antidiabetic potential of the flavonoid fraction of the plant chenopodium album l. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2021; 13(3); 765 – 779.
- P. M. Sivakumar, V. Prabhawathi, A, Zarrabi, S. Akthar, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Current Trends in the Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetes Management. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2021, 28(23), 4616–4637 (Impact Factor: 4.74).
- P. M. Sivakumar, V. Prabhawathi, Prem Kumar, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Role of GLP-1 analogues in the management of Diabetes and its secondary complications. Mini-Review in Medicinal Chemistry 2021, 21(20), 3166-3182 (Impact Factor: 3.737).
- R. Dubey, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, J. Gupta. Epigenetics: key to improve delayed wound healing in type 2 diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem, 2021, 477(2), 371-383 (Impact Factor: 3.842).
- R. Dubey, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, J. Gupta. Identification of Structurally Similar Phytochemicals to Quercetin with High SIRT1 Binding Affinity and Improving Diabetic Wound Healing by Using In silico Approaches. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem. 2022. 12(6). 7621-7632.
- P. M. Sivakumar, Sibel Cetinel, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Neelakandan, R. V. Prabhawathi. Molecular insights on the Therapeutic effect of Selected Flavonoids on Diabetic Neuropathy. Mini-Review in Medicinal Chemistry 22(14), 1828-1846. (Impact Factor: 3.862).
- Anush Nazar, Jasmin Anush, Riju Mathew, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Clinical Utility of Small, Dense LDL as an Atherogenic Risk Marker. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem. 2023. 13(2). 1-15.
- Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab, Rupal Dubey, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Gaber El-Saber Batiha. Covid 19 and diabetes: do novel drugs for diabetes will help in covid 19? Current Molecular Pharmacology, 2022 (Accepted) (Impact Factor: 3.855).
- Yachna Mishra, Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin, Vijay Mishra, Manish Vyas, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Mukta Gupta, Rajeev Kanday et al. Application of nanotechnology to herbal antioxidants as improved phytomedicine: An expanding horizon. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2022, 153: 113413. (Impact Factor: 7.419).
- Abhilasha Suwalka, Balram Sharma, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. A Study on Diabetic Patients Related To Functions of Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 on Bone Metabolism. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 2022 (13, sp issue 5), 1008-1022.
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Navneet Khurana, Manish Vyas, Vikas Sharma, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Harpreet Kaur, Jashanpreet Singh, Deepak Kumar, Neha Sharma, Ajeet Kaushik, Raj Kumar. Aspects of Nanotechnology for COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Its Delivery Applications. Pharmaceutics (MDPI), 2023, 15(2):451 (Impact factor: 6.525).
- Aayushi Velingkar, Sugunakar Vuree, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Ranjender Rao Kalshikam, Suresh Kondeti. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 as a Potential Master Regulator in Metabolic Disorders. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2023 (accepted), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00244.2022 (Impact factor: 5.9).
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Gaber El-Saber Batiha. Potential Therapeutic Targets for the management of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2023, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867330666230501172557 (Impact factor: 4.740).
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Combination therapy, a new tool for the management of Obesity. Endocrine Metabolic Immune Disorders-Drug Targets (EMIDDT), 2024, 24(4), 402-417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530323666230825140808 (Impact Factor: 1.9)
- Sweta Kumari, Biplab Pal, Sanjeev Kumar Sahu, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Devesh Tewari. Adverse events of clenbuterol among athletes: a systematic review of case reports and case series. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 2023, 137(4), 1023-1037. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-023-02996-1(Impact factor: 2.79).
- Mutiu A. Alabi, Marvis A. Arowolo, Asiat Na’Allah, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Eberechukwuka G. Linus , Sesan A. Aransiola, Hassan T. Abdulameed, Beloved K. Ajani, Naga Raju Maddela, Ram Prasad. Phytochemicals and anticancer activity of methanol extract of Trigonella foenum-greacum seed on breast cancer cell lines. South African Journal of Botany. 2023, 160, 273-281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2023.07.021 (Impact factor: 3.1).
- Sivakumar PM, Prasad R and Pranav Kumar Prabhakar* Editorial: Advanced approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus and secondary complications. Front. Endocrinol. 2023, 14:1291637. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1291637
- Bineesh CP, Vipin Viswanath, Vimal MV, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar*. Association of Adipokine Levels and Insulin Resistance in Prediabetes: Case–Control Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North Kerala. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 2024, 44, 373–378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-023-01248-7
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Targeting Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase: A novel approach for diabetes therapy. Medical Hypotheses 2024: 111301. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111301 (Impact factor: 4.7)
- Laxmi, A., Garg, S.S., Singh, A. Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Gupta, J. Histone Modifying Potential of Dietary Phytochemicals: Implications in Treating Breast Cancer. Current Pharmacology Reports. 2023, 9, 489–510 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-023-00338-8
- Shahid, Ayaz, Prakash, Ajit, Mustafa, Saad and Pranav Kumar Prabhakar* Editorial: New mechanisms for anti-cancer drugs. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2024, 15, 1387942 DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1387942 (Impact factor: 0.9)
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar* Editorial: COVID-19 and diabetes: Current findings and future perspectives. Front. Endocrinol. 2024, 15: 1421721. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1421721
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar*, Bineesh CP, Vipin Viswanath, Vimal MV. Association of Adipokine Gene Polymorphism and Serum Adipokine Levels in Prediabetic Population. Letters in Applied NanoBioSciences. 2024, 13(2), 76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33263/ LIANBS132.076
- Keshav Anand, Debojyoti Mandal, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar*. Phytochemical profiling, in-vitro antioxidant, and antidiabetic evaluation of Morchella esculenta: a comprehensive investigation. Letters in Applied NanoBioSciences. 2025, 14 (1), 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33263/LIANBS141.043
- Sanjeev Kumar Sahu, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Manish Vyas. Therapeutical potential of natural products in treatment of pancreatic cancer: a review. Mol Biol Rep, 2025, 52, 179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-025-10287-8
- Sanjeev Kumar Sahu, Manish Vyas, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar., Emerging Role of Natural Topoisomerase Inhibitors as Anticancer agents. Medicinal Chemistry, 2025, 21 (3); 195-210. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0115734064311729240911102646
- Afzal, Mohd, Shagun Agarwal, Rabab H. Elshaikh, Asaad M. A. Babker, Einas Awad Ibrahim Osman, R. K, Choudhary, S. Jaiswal, Farhana Zahir, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar., Anass M. Abbas, Manar G. Shalabi, Ashok Kumar Sah. Innovative Diagnostic Approaches and Challenges in the Management of HIV: Bridging Basic Science and Clinical Practice. 2025, Life 15 (2), 209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/life15020209 (IF: 3.2)
- Afzal, M, Shagun Agarwal, Rabab H. Elshaikh, Asaad M. A. Babker, R. K. Choudhary, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Farhana Zahir, and Ashok Kumar Sah. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Diagnosis, Prognostic Factors, Treatment Strategies, and Future Perspectives. Diagnostics. 2025. 15 (5): 581. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15050581
- Rupendra Shakya, P.M. Sivakumar, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. Gut Microbiota and Diabetes: Pioneering New Treatment Frontiers. Endocrine Metabolic Immune Disorders- Drug Targets. 2025. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0118715303342579241119155225 (IF: 1.9)
- Allan Amooti Ahikiriza, Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke, Tadele Mekuriya Yadesa, Buyinza Nicholas, Kasolo Daniel, Kabali Moses, Sewalu Mathias Bonny Ddumba, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. The Potential of Natural Products in Metabolic Disease Management: A Thorough Exploration of the Case of Uganda. Endocrine Metabolic Immune Disorders-Drug Targets, 2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1871530323666230825140808 (IF: 1.9)
- Satyajit Mohanty, Nikita Nayak, Tuhin Mukherjee, Shivangi Kumari, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Ashok Pattnaik. Mobilizing Stockpile of Nature: Phytochemicals, Herbal Extracts, and Dietary Supplements for Managing Metabolic Diseases with Concentric Focus on Obesity. Endocrine Metabolic Immune Disorders-Drug Targets, 2025. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0118715303316634240822073810 (IF: 1.9)
- Satyajit Mohanty, Manmeet Kaur Khanna, Krishnendu Adhikary, Tuhin Mukherjee, Anwesha Sahu, Ivan Kahwa, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Mahendra Pratap Swain, Anasuya Sahoo, Manoj Kumar Parida. Combating TB Pathology: Advanced Diagnostics, Innovative Therapies, and Public Health Strategies: A Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2025. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0113892010355430250330074301.
- Shyam Kalia, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar*, Vikas Dhiman, Nupur Prasad. Ag-Zn co-doped CoFe2O4 and their composite/s with ZnO/Ag nanoparticles for antibacterial activities. Inorganic Chemistry Communications. 2024, (Under Review)
- Debojyoti Mandal, Atrayee Mukherjee, Jeena Gupta, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar*. Pollution in Paradise: Unveiling the Consequences of Plastic Waste in Oceans and Marine Life. Science of the Total Environment. 2024, (Under Review)
Guest Editors
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar. “Advanced Approaches in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus their secondary Complications”. Current Diabetes Review, 2021, 17(4).
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Ram Prasad, Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar. “Advanced Approaches in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Secondary Complications”. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2022-2023.
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Ram Prasad. “COVID-19 and Diabetes: Current Findings and Future Perspectives”. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2023.